The classification of the electrolytic bath

Aqueous electrolytic cell

The form of aqueous electrolytic cell, can be divided into two categories, diaphragm electrolyzer and diaphragm electrolyzer.Diaphragm cell and can be divided into both to membrane (asbestos wool), ionic membrane and solid electrolyte membrane (such as beta Al2O3) form;No diaphragm cell is divided into mercury cell and oxide electrolyzer, etc. titaniumcn

Using different electrolyte, the structure of the electrolytic cell is also different.

Aqueous solution with diaphragm and diaphragm electrolyzer points two kinds.General multi-purpose diaphragm electrolyzer.In chlorate production of chlorine and caustic soda production and mercury method, adopting the diaphragm electrolyzer.As far as possible increase of electrode surface area per unit volume, can improve the production of electrolytic tank strength.Therefore, in modern diaphragm cell electrodes are upright.Electrolytic cell because of different internal components, structure, installation and other materials show different performance and features.

Molten salt electrolytic cell

Much used for preparing low melting point metal, its characteristic is running at high temperatures, and should try to prevent moisture to enter, avoid hydrogen ions on the cathode reduction.When preparing sodium metal, for example, due to sodium ions in the cathode reduction potential is very negative, reduction is difficult, must use do not contain anhydrous hydrogen ions in molten salt or molten hydroxide, lest cathode hydrogen.For electrolytic process should be carried out at high temperatures, such as electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide at 310 ℃, such as mixed electrolytes containing sodium chloride, the electrolytic temperature about 650 ℃.

The high temperature of electrolyzer can by changing the electrode spacing, the ohmic voltage drop of electric energy into heat energy to achieve.Electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide, tub available iron or nickel, often due to raw material in electrolysis of molten electrolyte containing chloride inevitably into a small amount of water, can make the anode generated, wet chlorine gas corrosion effect of electrolytic cell is very strong, so the electrolysis of molten chlorides, general use or phosphate ceramic materials, and the part of the role is not affected by chlorine gas available iron.Yin, anode products of molten salt electrolytic cell, also requires properly separated, and should be generalized by the slot as soon as possible, so as to avoid product sodium metal cathode long floating on the surface of the electrolyte, further with the anode product or oxygen in the air.

Nonaqueous electrolytic cell

As a result of nonaqueous solution electrolysis cell in preparing organic products or electrolytic organic matter, often accompanied by a variety of complex chemical reaction, make its application is restricted, industrialization.Commonly used organic electrolyte, low conductivity, response speed and small.Therefore, must use low current density, pole spacing to narrow as far as possible.Using fixed bed or fluidized bed electrode structure has a larger surface area, can improve the cell production capacity.

Classified by the electrode connections

The electrolytic cell according to the electrode connections, can be divided into two categories, unipolar and bipolar electrolyzer.Monopolar type electrolytic cell with the polarity of electrodes and the dc power supply in parallel connection, both sides of the same polarity, electrode at the same time as the anode or at the same time as the cathode.Double pole at the ends of the cell electrodes respectively with that of the dc power supply is connected to the cathode, become the anode or cathode.Current flow through a series of electrodes electrolytic cell, the middle side of each electrode as anode, the other side as the cathode, thus has the dual polarity.When the total area of the electrode at the same time, the complex pole electrolytic cell current is small, high voltage, dc power supply for investment than the single pole type province.Double pole type generally adopt pressure filter structure form, more compact.But easy to leakage and short circuit, groove structure more complicated than the single pole type and operation management.Monopolar type cell cross section is rectangular or square, commonly cylindrical covers an area of big, the space utilization rate is low, use less.