The wide application of titanium metal in the chlor-alkali industry

Titanium titaniumcn is a strong passivation tendency of metal,
In the air and oxidizing or neutral aqueous solution that can quickly generate a stable layer of oxidation protective film, even if for some reason the membrane damage, also can rapid automatic recovery.So titanium in oxidizing, neutral medium has excellent corrosion resistance.Due to the large titanium passivation performance, in many cases, when in contact with dissimilar metal does not accelerate the corrosion, which may accelerate the corrosion of dissimilar metals.As in low concentration of oxidizing acid, if the Pb, Sn, Cu or monel alloy and titanium contact form a galvanic couple, the material corrosion is accelerated, and titanium are not affected.Mild steel in hydrochloric acid, titanium and contact, because of the new hydrogen titanium surface, destroyed the titanium oxide film, not only cause the hydrogen embrittlement of titanium, and accelerate the corrosion of titanium, this may be due to titanium for hydrogen is highly active.Iron content of titanium for some medium corrosion resistance, besides the reason of raw materials, and the reason for the increase of iron is often the infiltration of iron contamination during welding bead, increase local iron content in the weld bead, the corrosion is the nature of the uneven.When using titanium iron support equipment, titanium iron iron contamination on the surface of the contact is almost inevitable in iron contamination area corrosion speed up, particularly in the presence of hydrogen.When the contamination on the surface of titanium oxide film mechanical damage occurs, hydrogen is seeping into the metal, according to the condition such as temperature, pressure, hydrogen corresponding diffusion occurs, this make the titanium produces hydrogen embrittlement of different level.So titanium in the medium temperature and medium pressure and hydrogen systems in use to avoid iron surface pollution.In general, titanium pitting corrosion will not occur.Titanium has corrosion fatigue stability.Crevice corrosion resistance of titanium is better, especially Mo Ti - 0.3-0.8 Ni and Ti - 0.2 - Pd alloy, so Mo Ti - 0.3-0.3 Ni and Ti - 0.2 - Pd alloy are widely used for sealing surface material of container equipment, to solve the problem of equipment seal face crevice corrosion.
The application of titanium due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium, titanium is widely used in petroleum, chemical, salt,;Pharmacy, metallurgy, electronics, aviation, aerospace, Marine and other related fields.Titanium for most salt solution has good excellent corrosion resistance, such as titanium in chloride solution than high chromium nickel steel corrosion, pitting corrosion phenomenon.But the corrosion rate is higher in the aluminium trichloride, the associated with aluminium chloride hydrolysis to produce concentrated hydrochloric acid.Titanium to heat the concentration of sodium chlorite and various hypochlorite has good stability.So titanium is widely used in vacuum salt making industry and of bleaching powder.Titanium for the majority of the alkaline solution with good corrosion resistance.Concentration of titanium in less than 50% of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide solution is relatively stable.If the alkaline solution containing chloride ion or chloride, its corrosion resistance than nickel and zirconium.But under the condition of the temperature and the concentration increased, the corrosion will increase.Chlor-alkali industry * now the biggest civil titanium application fields.
Titanium is not corrosion resistant in the dry chlorine, at the same time there is a risk of fire, but has a high stability in the wet chlorine, than zirconium, hartz alloy C and monel alloy, even in a saturated chlorine medium such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and chloride also stable.
So the titanium is sulfuric acid method of choice for titanium white production of key equipment materials.Due to the corrosion resistance of titanium in hydrocarbon is very good, even when acid and chloride impurities is very good also.Therefore, titanium is widely used in organic chemical industry, such as the PTA (purified terephthalic acid (PTA)), PVA (vinylon), etc.

The application of titanium metal in the aerospace

Than the strength of titanium and its alloys (strength and weight ratio) in metal structure material is very high, it has the strength of steel, but its weight is only 57% of the steel.In addition, titanium and its alloy heat resistance is very strong, in the 500 ℃ in the atmosphere can still maintain good strength and stability, short time working temperature is even higher.At 150 ℃, stainless steel and aluminum lose in 310 ℃, its mechanical performance.When aircraft, missiles, rocket speed, the engine and the surface temperature is quite high, aluminum alloy has not up to, at this moment, using titanium alloy is very appropriate.It is because of titanium and its alloys have great strength, light weight, strong comprehensive excellent properties of heat resistance, use it instead of other metals in aircraft manufacturing, not only can prolong the service life of the aircraft, but also can reduce the Weight, there by significantly improve the flight performance.So, titanium is aviation industry and industry one of the most promising structural materials in the universe.Titanium and its alloys in aviation industry is mainly used in the manufacture of aircraft engine and the fuselage.Generally speaking, the Mach number is less than the engine using titanium and its alloys, the fuselage with aluminum alloy.Mach number is equal to 2 aircraft, the engine with titanium content increased, and the fuselage is titanium parts.Mach number is greater than 3.5, the engine inlet temperature is very high, can't use super alloy, titanium alloy and need amount but the fuselage with titanium is increased significantly.
titaniumCN
Titanium production of about 40% ~ 40% for the aviation industry, followed by military and civil.Such as the United States in b-1 bomber body structure of the material, the titanium alloy accounted for about 21%, mainly used in the manufacture of the fuselage, wing, skin and bearing components.A Boeing 747 aircraft, 42.7 tons of titanium, 777 aircraft, 57 tons of titanium, 777 er aircraft with titanium even as high as 68 tons, the F - 15 fighter with titanium, up to 24.5 tons.McDonnell Douglas (Mc - o 'donnell - Dounlas) the company produces the DC10 aircraft, titanium alloy dosage of 5500 kg, accounted for more than 10% by weight of the structure.The dosage of the titanium in high-performance aircraft is very handsome, generally accounts for about 22.5% by weight of the engine, 6% of the airframe.Especially in military aircraft, titanium application a considerable proportion in the whole structure of the material: F - 14 to 15 F, F - 18 hornet, F - 117 nighthawk bombers, B, B - 1-2 bomber in the proportion of titanium, in turn, 24%, 27%, 13%, 25%, 22% and 26%, and F - 22 fighter with titanium content accounted for 42% of the whole aircraft weight.How visible titanium in important position.Use of titanium in supersonic aircraft amount to account for 95% of its total weight structure, reason has "titanium aircraft," said, so, if there is no development of titanium alloys is hard to the supersonic aircraft."Titanium aircraft" that can reduce the body weight of 5 t, carrying more than 100 passengers.In the new type of jet engine, titanium alloy is 18% ~ 25% of the total engine weight.At present, more than about half of the world's titanium, important parts used in the manufacture of aircraft body and the jet engine.

titanium metal resources and utilization

Of titanium resources in the global industrial value mainly ilmenite, anatase, plate titanium ore, titanium white, perovskite, and rutile.A large amount of exploitation are ilmenite and rutile, including titanium iron ore accounted for the vast majority.
World titanium ore resources is given priority to with ilmenite, titanium iron ore accounted for about 90% of the total world titanium resources, the remaining 10% comes from rutile, anatase, iron slag, etc.Global titanium resources are mainly distributed in Australia, South Africa, Canada, countries such as China and India.Including Canada, China, India, mainly titanium rock ore;Australia, the United States mainly titanium placer;South Africa's titanium and titanium placer is very rich.Titanium iron ore reserves are mainly concentrated in China, Australia, South Africa, India, Norway, the United States, Canada, Ukraine, and Brazil;Rutile deposits are mainly concentrated in Australia, South Africa, India, Brazil, Ukraine and the United States and other countries.According to the U.S. geological survey in 2007 released data show that global titanium based reserves of about 1.2 billion tons of iron ore, reserves of about 600 million tons, reserves of about 100 million tons of reserves of 5000 zt.In the world of mining value of titanium ore has and placer two kinds.Rock ore is native ore, are basically GongShengKuang, ilmenite, titanium magnetite and hematite ilmenite, etc. The different types.The characteristics of the rock ore is origin, large reserves, to large-scale mining;Defect is a high content of gangue, structure compact, optional sex is poor, ore dressing recovery rate is low, the concentrate grade is low.The main production of state-owned Canada, China, India and Russia.Placer is secondary ore,titanium cn.
Near the coast or the beach sedimentary mineralization, the main mineral is rutile, ilmenite, more, monazite and zircon and cassiterite symbiosis.Advantage is loose, less content of gangue, optional sex is good, concentrate grade is high.The disadvantage is that resources scattered, ore grade is low.Mainly produced in South Africa, Australia, India and South America countries marina and inland river sediments.
Abroad to have general economic exploitation potential economic value and exploitation value of titanium ore all as titanium ore resources.Therefore, the current global titanium resource reserves, about more than one hundred million tons (by titanium dioxide), foundation reserves of 1.3 billion tons (+ rutile titanium iron ore), reserves of 650 million tons (+ rutile titanium iron ore).But not in the reserves, including the Russian rich titanium resources, with the literature reported Russia's Lin Sike vanadium titanium magnetite reserves up to more than 300, one hundred million tons of reserves is extremely rich titanium resources (titanium dioxide content is unknown), titanium resource of the world's total reserves is quite large and rich.Foreign reports of our country's proven ilmenite based store 3. One hundred million tons (+ rutile titanium iron ore), 700 million tons (+ rutile titanium iron ore), accounting for 31% of the world's reservesti

Titanium metal in mecical

The main advantages of titanium alloy is excellent rust resistance, belongs to the ecological metal, contact with the human body for a long time will not produce allergic and immune response, so a lot of prosthetic joint adopt titanium alloy.
Stems mainly from the following features in the aspect of cutting tool titanium cn applications, feel is gentle, is not so cold steel, and aluminum, but are more hardwearing than aluminum alloy high hardness.So often referred to as high-grade the handle material.
Blade with titanium alloy is not much, because, though lighter than steel alloy, titanium alloy but can only be reached around HRC46 hardness, not universal cutting hardness standard, only occasionally used in diving knife, purpose is water rust resistance.
The application of titanium in surgical operation, is also very fascinating.At present, the surgical osteosynthesis is stainless steel, using stainless steel has a fault, is the bone healing, the stainless steel piece out again, this is a very painful thing.Otherwise, the stainless steel will rust and cause harm to human body.If use titanium material of artificial bone will make the orthopaedic technology completely changed.At the head of the damage, using titanium plate with titanium screws, after several months, bones will grow back in titanium plate holes and screw, new muscle fibers are wrapped in titanium sheet, titanium skeleton like a real bones and flesh of support and reinforcement effect, so, titanium has been hailed as "metal".Now it is already applied to the joints of the knee joint, shoulder joint, rib, skull, active heart valve, bone clamp, etc.
The current human use of the four series of hydrogen storage in metal, titanium is one kind of, also is a kind of cheaper, but now have not found a more ideal human "hydrogen storage metal", once the problem solved, people can use hydrogen as fuel
Is titanium is finding wider and wider application in medical apparatus and instruments, the early main used to make some small blood vessels of suture with needle, electrocardiogram electrode materials and ophthalmic instruments. In recent years has been used as a retractor heart and heart plug, which is used in the process of cardiac surgery assisted medical devices, it requires high strength, corrosion resistance, non-toxic, easy to clean. Heart plug generally according to the diameter of the plug size is divided into six types: 20, 18 ~ 17 ~ 19 mm, 16 mm to 15 mm, 14, 12 ~ 13 mm ~ 11 mm and 10 ~ 9 mm. The heart, jun is divided into large and small two kinds. Large stem thick phi 12 mm, small stem thick phi 10 mm. Large jun 24 mm wide

Pure titanium porcelain teeth is a kind of precious metal porcelain teeth, titanium has steady chemical property and excellent biocompatibility, not to any reaction with human tissue.Don't cause gum inflammation, neck edge black, dental metallic odor and other problems.Pure titanium nonmagnetic, can through X-ray, does not affect the nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray films, CT, etc., does not affect the medical examination in the future.Light weight, less than 1/6 of the other PFM alloy.